Filing Is Mandatory Even With Zero Local Tax
Because Saudi Arabia charges no personal income tax, some Americans assume there's nothing to file. The IRS disagrees. If your worldwide gross income exceeds roughly $10,000 ($400 if self-employed), you must file Form 1040, and the compliance forms around it (FBAR, FATCA, FEIE) each carry independent penalty regimes that have nothing to do with whether you owe tax.
The Core Forms
Form 1040: Your annual federal return, reporting worldwide income. Due April 15, with an automatic 2-month extension to June 15 for expats living abroad (interest still accrues on unpaid tax from April 15).
Form 2555 (FEIE): Elects the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, shielding up to $130,000 of earned income for 2025. Filed alongside Form 1040.
Form 1116 (Foreign Tax Credit): Has essentially no use for wage income in Saudi Arabia today since there's no local income tax to credit, though it becomes relevant if you're paying tax to a third country on other income.
FinCEN Form 114 (FBAR): Filed separately through FinCEN's BSA E-Filing system, not with your tax return. Due April 15 with an automatic extension to October 15.